Among these warlords were Cao Cao and Sun Jian, earlier active during the Yellow Turban Rebellion. Their call was heard and a coalition was formed to end the tyrannical reign of Dong Zhuo. In the meantime the warlords Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu 袁術 and Cao Cao had fled the capital and an edict was sent to various warlords across the empire. He further strengthened his influence by obtaining the services of the famous fighting man Lü Bu 呂布. Now in the palace, Dong Zhuo deposed Liu Bian and set the young Liu Xie 劉協 upon the throne, only to manipulate him for his own gain. Dong Zhuo arrived too late, as the General-in-Chief had already been killed and his forces led by Yuan Shao 袁紹 and others had already avenged him by killing every eunuch in the palace. He Jin summoned Dong Zhuo 董卓 from the west, to assist in his campaign against the eunuchs. The Emperor's eunuchs and the General-in-Chief He Jin 何進 hated each other, and after the passing of the emperor, they started plotting against each other. In 189 Emperor Ling passed away and his son Liu Bian 劉辯, became Emperor two days later. These men were Cao Cao 曹操, Liu Bei 劉備 and Sun Jian 孫堅. While the main rebellion was put down by Han generals Huangfu Song, Fu Xie 傅燮, Lu Zhi 盧植 and Zhu Jun 朱儁, three other men participated who would later serve importance to the rise of the Three Kingdoms. Moreover, rebel groups such as the Rice Rebels, the Liang rebels and Black Mountain Bandits had risen among the turmoil of the Yellow Turban Rebellion. The Han was victorious and despite their swift response, they paid a heavy price for their victory. Zhang Jue fell ill and died and not long after his two brothers had fallen in battle against Huangfu Song 皇甫嵩. The Yellow Turbans had some initial successes against the much more experienced forces of the Han, but eventually the tides changed. Having gathered over "hundreds of thousands" followers through their teachings, the Way of Great Peace, they launched their attack in the spring of 184. This revolt was instigated by the religious leader Zhang Jue and his two younger brothers Zhang Bao 張寶 and Zhang Liang 張梁.
The fall of Han can be dated back to the Yellow Turban Rebellion in the year 184. History Fall of Han - Rise of Warlords Read more: Yellow Turban Rebellion Read more: Struggle against The Regular Attendants The translation 'Three Kingdoms' has become the common term possibly because it is the popular translation of the fictitious novel Sānguó yǎnyì 三國演義 "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Furthermore, a kingdom is ruled by a king, but Wei, Shu-Han and Wu were ruled by emperors. The name 'Three Kingdoms' is somewhat of a mistranslation as guó 國 actually means 'state' or 'country'. Other arguable starting points are 189, after the extermination of the eunuchs and power seizure of Dong Zhuo or 168, when the eunuchs first took indirect power. However the starting point is often dated back to the year 184, when Zhang Jue 張角 instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion against the Han. Strictly speaking, the Three Kingdoms period refers to the years 220, the foundation of Wei, until 280, the destruction of Wu by Jin.
His rivals Liu Bei and Sun Quan followed within two years Liu Bei re-founded Han and Sun Quan founded Wu. Thereby ending the Han and ushering in the period of the Three Kingdoms. When Cao Cao died in 220 and his son Cao Pi succeeded his fief as King of Wei he took the next step and forced the abdication of Emperor Xian of Han to found his own Wei Dynasty. After a period of infighting between various warlords from 184-220 three men survived with the strongest following Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan. The Three Kingdoms period (Chinese: 三國時代 Pinyin: Sānguó shídài) was a time of disunity in ancient China following the de facto power of the Han Dynasty and lasted from 220 until 280.
0 kommentar(er)
